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20.
The substance matter is of tow kinds; in the form of an atom (Parmanu)
and in the form of molecules (Skandha). And the molecules are of six
kinds and atom (is) of two kinds.
21-24. Gross-gross, gross, gross-fine, fine-gross,
fine, and fine-fine are the six kinds, earth, etc. Solids like
earth, stone, consist of gross- gross molecules (Liquids) like ghee,
water, oil are gross. Shade, sunshine, etc., consist of gross-fine
molecules.
Objects of the four senses (of touch, taste, smell and hearing) are
of fine- gross molecules. Karmic molecules, in the condition of
being bound up with soul are fine. Those which are unlike these are
of fine-fine molecules.
25. That which is the cause of the four root matters
(earth, water, fire and air) should be known as cause-atom. (Karana
Parmanu). The Smallest possible part of a molecule should be known
as effect atom (Karya Parmanu). |
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26. That
substance which (is) the beginning, the middle and the end by
itself, inapprehensible by the senses, and (is) indivisible, should
be known as an atom.
27. That which possesses one taste, color,
and smell, and two touches is of natural attributes. Those tangible
to all (Senses) are in Jain Philosophy said to be of non-natural
attributes.
28. The modification which is independent
of other objects is the natural modification (Svabhava Pryaya); and
modification in the molecular form is the non-natural modification,
(Vibhava Pryaya).
29. From the real point of view an atom is
said to be "Matter substance"; but from the other (i.e.,
practical point of view) the "Matter substance" has been
applied to a molecule.
30. The auxiliary causes of motion and
rest to sou and matter (are called) the medium of motion, and medium
of rest (respectively). (That which is the auxiliary cause of)
filing space to all the substances, soul, etc. (is) space.
31. Practical time is either of two kinds,
instant and wink (avali); or of three kinds (past, present and
future). Past (time is) equal to the number (of the liberated souls)
who have destroyed their bodily forms, multiplied by numerable
winks. |
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32. The instants of the
practical time are infinite times (of the number of) atoms, which
again are infinite times (of the number of) souls. (Time-points)
which are packed full in the universe, are (called) the real
"Time".
33. That by the help of which, all substances,
soul, etc., are altered in their own modification, is
"Time." The four substance; the medium of motion, (the
medium of rest, space and time) have (only) their own natural
attributes and modifications.
34. Excepting Time, (the other five) of these
six substances, (are known) as "Extensive substances," (Astikaya).
Extensive substances occupy many spatial units, as mentioned in
Jaina scriptures.
35-36. The atoms of matter are numerable,
innumerable and infinite. Verily there are innumerable points of
space in "medium of motion," " medium of rest"
and in each individual soul.
The same (innumerable number of spatial units are) in the universe;
and in the other, i.e., (non-universe) (there are) infinite (number
of spatial units). There is no extensiveness in Time; therefore, it
has one spatial unit (only).
37. The matter substance (is) material; all the
rest are immaterial. Soul (has) consciousness as its nature, all the
rest are devoid of the attribute of consciousness. |
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