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CHAPTER 1
VALID KNOWLEDGE
| I bow to
the Lord, the promulgator of the path to liberation, the destroyer
of mountains ( large heaps) of karmas and the knower of the whole
reality, so that I may realize these qualities. |
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1. Right faith, right knowledge, and right
conduct (together) constitute the path to liberation.
2. Belief in substances ascertained as they are is right
faith.
3. That (This
right faith)
is attained
by intuition
or by
acquisition of knowledge.
4. (The) soul, (the) non-soul,
influx, bondage,
stoppage, gradual dissociation and
liberation constitute reality.
5. These are
installed (in
four ways)
by name, representation, substance (potentiality) and actual state.
6. Knowledge (of the seven categories) is attained by means of
pramana and naya.
7. (Knowledge of
the seven categories
is attained)
by description, owner-
ship, cause, resting
place (substratum), duration and division.
8. (The seven categories
are known)
also by existence, number
(enumeration), place or abode, extent of space (pervasion), time,
interval
of time, thought-activity, and reciprocal comparison. |
9. Knowledge
is of five kinds –
sensory knowledge,
scriptural knowledge,
clairvoyance, telepathy and omniscience.
10. These (five kinds of
knowledge) are
the two
types of
pramäna (valid
-
knowledge).
11. The first two (kinds of knowledge) are
indirect (knowledge).
12. The remaining three constitute direct (knowledge).
13. Sensory cognition, remembrance,
recognition, induction and
deduction
are synonyms
14. That is caused by the senses and the mind.
15. (The four divisions of sensory knowledge
are) apprehension
(sensation),
speculation, perceptual judgment and retention.
16. (The subdivision of each of these are) more,
many kinds,
quick, hidden,
unexpressed, lasting and their opposites. |
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